GRADE 8 HISTORY

ROAD TO CONFEDERATION

HOW CANADA BECAME A COUNTRY


QUESTIONS
1.Explain manifest destiny
2. What are the push factors

GRADE EIGHT SCIENCE

Science

Grade 8s, next week we will begin to look at the Water Cycle in Science

GEOGRAPHY

Canada was settled by European explorers and traders.

Traders traded with the Aboriginal peoples They wanted things like fur and lumber to sell back in Europe.

They settled close to rivers or lakes because

- they wanted fresh water sources

-They wanted to be close to transportation routes (ships) to Europe

Canada was settled in 3 stages

- Forts

-Farms

-Towns

Some  towns became ghost towns when the single product disappeared. Single economy towns are towns where people made their money from one product

Towns with diversified economy are towns where money is made from many different businesses or industries. 

Multicultural towns are towns where people from many different cultural backgrounds live together. 

Toronto is one of the most multicultural cities in the world.  

There are 3 different patterns of settlement. 

Linear

Scattered

Clustered

Colonies of BNA:
Canada West, Canada East, Maritimes &The West

Economy- the wealth and resources of a country or region.
           
Economy- refers to how are the goods and services produced and consumed.

 The economy of British North America was weak. Why?

- The population was small. Economies need large populations to grow. There weren't enough people to buy products or to work for businesses.

The 2 major reasons for the colonies to work together:
1. They were worried that they would be taken over by the Americans
2. Their populations were too small, so they needed to trade with each other.

Intercolonial trade- trade between different colonies

Duty/Tariff-  a tax on an imported item
-it limited intercolonial trade
- people had to pay tariffs on items they got from other colonies.

External Trade-  trade outside of  BNA.
 eg. USA, Great Britain....

Goods from BNA were cheaper than goods from the USA because Great Britain put a tax on all American goods. There was no tax on goods from BNA ( now Canada).

Colonial Preference- Britain FAVOURED goods from BNA over  goods from America because BNA was English colonies but USA was a foreign country

Repeal- to abolish/get rid of
Corn Laws- made American wheat more expensive Canadian wheat.

In 1846- the Corn law was repealed in Great Britain
Free Trade- no taxes would be charged on imported goods.

After the Corn laws, Canadian farmers had a hard time.

External Trade
Colonies also exported to USA
New Brunswick exported lumber.
Nova Scotia exported fish.
Canadas exported wheat.

Reciprocity Treaty  was signed in 1854 between BNA and USA. They promised to lower tariffs on the other's goods so that consumers/ buyers could get cheaper goods.

In 1865, USA backs out of the Reciprocity Treaty because
1) The USA wasn't really benefiting from the treaty.
2)The USA wanted to punish Britain for supporting the South during the Civil War
3) They didn't like the tariffs that the Canadas put on manufactured imports.


So...
1) the repeal of the Corn laws
2) the repeal of the Reciprocity Treaty
led business people in the British North American colonies to want to focus on intercolonial trade!

GRADE 8 FIELD TRIP

Dear Parents/Guardians,

We are planning our grade 8 field trip and would very much like to take the opinions of our parent population into account.  Included below is a breakdown of the particulars of the three potential excursions.  We have researched trips to Quebec City, Montreal and Muskoka. Each trip comes highly recommended and offers students a unique educational opportunity.  Please consider the information below and make your selection. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact us at the school.

	Quebec City	Montreal	Camp Muskoka
Cost	$575-$600	$500	$240
Length of Stay	3 days, 2 nights	3 days, 2 nights	5 days, 4 nights
Possible Itinerary	-Museum Visits -Science Centre visit -Notre-Dame Basilica Visit	-Art Gallery Visit -Guided Tour of old Montreal - Montreal Science Centre	-Zip lining, -Low ropes -Archery -Snow shoeing, -Kayaking /canoeing -Inuit Blanket-making

I choose

• Quebec City
• Montreal
• Camp Muskoka

HISTORY

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF BNA

- Aboriginals peoples showed Europeans the trade routes.
-It is a lot easier to get from one place to another today than it was in the 1800s. 
-Back then,  there were many obstacles to prevent  travel. 
-Colonies were far apart. 
-They were separated by large distances  and great bodies of water.

-Modern technology( planes, boats, trains, canals, roads ) allow us to travel around Canada a lot easier.

-Colonies of British North America were very far from each other.
-William MacKenzie ( a prime minister of Canada) said that "Canada has too  much geography."
-He meant that Canada was very large and it contained many different physical features. 

The Climate in Canada varies from region to region.

HISTORY

GRADE 8

EVERYDAY LIFE IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA

-Jobs were decided by gender
Everyone helped with heavy agricultural jobs

Boys- fed animals, gathered firewood,cleared fields, built fences and harvested crops

Girls- did domestic work in the home
They worked in the a garden milked the cows
They sun, knitted sow, cooked and cared for younger children


NO indoor plumbing
Light came from sunlight, candles or oil lamps. Wax and Oil was expensive, So people tried to do their activities during the day.

Define

agricultural-
livestock-

ADVERBS

Adverbs are words that describe a verb or an adjective.

Math

Scientific Notation